Improving the processes of patient care to improve outcomes Essay Example for Free

Improving the procedures of patient consideration to improve results Essay Improving the procedures of patient consideration to improve results is basic to quality patient consideration and requires abilities in change the executives. Watchman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Initiative in Nursing Practice (p. 3). Jones Bartlett Learning. Fuel Edition. The term development, as opposed to change, is regularly used to pick up consideration and deduce that something new and unique is occurring. One of Watchman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Initiative in Nursing Practice (p. 4). Jones Bartlett Learning. Fuel Edition. the reasons there are noteworthy varieties in the depictions of progress and advancement can be ascribed to the different fundamental suppositions about the earth and the idea of progress. Doorman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Authority in Nursing Practice (p. 4). Jones Bartlett Learning. Encourage Edition. Direct change doesn't perceive the numerous, unexpected human activities and interchanges that happen and the dynamic setting where the change is happening. As a result, the straight point of view regularly gets inflexible, control driven, baffling, and fruitless. Watchman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Initiative in Nursing Practice (p. 5). Jones Bartlett Learning. Fuel Edition. The world is in constant movement, and development happens in more than straight ways. An adjustment in one territory can bring about various, unexpected changes in territories not considered. Watchman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Administration in Nursing Practice (p. 5). Jones Bartlett Learning. Encourage Edition. Collaborations in a multifaceted nature point of view are described by inventiveness, association, unusualness, and aggregate information. Watchman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Administration in Nursing Practice (p. 6). Jones Bartlett Learning. Encourage Edition. Change is †¦ †¢ Something new or distinctive †¢ To make or become diverse †¢ To modify; to make unique; to cause to go starting with one state then onto the next; as, to change the position, character, or Watchman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Initiative in Nursing Practice (p. 6). Jones Bartlett Learning. Arouse Edition. appearance of a thing; to change the face †¢ To modify by subbing something different for, or by surrendering for something different; as, to change the garments; to change one’s occupation; to change one’s aim †¢ To give and take equally; to trade; trailed by with; as, to change spot, or caps, or cash, with another Source: Webster’s Dictionary (1991). Development is †¦ †¢ Anything that makes new assets, procedures, or values or improves a company’s existing assets, procedures, or qualities (Christensen, Anthony, Roth, 2004) †¢ The ability to characterize the business; the push to make intentionally engaged changed in Doorman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Authority in Nursing Practice (p. 6). Jones Bartlett Learning. Ignite Edition. an enterprise’s monetary or social potential Doorman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Authority in Nursing Practice (p. 6). Jones Bartlett Learning. Ignite Edition. proof based practice, linkages between clinical practice and logical guidelines, the mission for consistency, limiting eccentricities, and giving a logical premise to strategy development are the fundamental purposes behind an adjustment in social insurance. Utilizing a proof driven model serves to give center and association of progress activities; proof based practice is the stage for nurses’ work. Watchman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Authority in Nursing Practice (p. 10). Jones Bartlett Learning. Encourage Edition. bedlam is regulating in human services. Watchman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Authority in Nursing Practice (p. 14). Jones Bartlett Learning. Encourage Edition. Individual information and responsibility for one’s own qualities and impediments explicit to change and development, including specialized capacity and PC proficiency †¢ Understanding the substance of progress and advancement ideas just as the devices of advancement †¢ The capacity to work together and completely connect with group members†that is, social skills Doorman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Authority in Nursing Practice (p. 14). Jones Bartlett Learning. Fuel Edition. †¢ Competence in grasping weakness and hazard taking Doorman OGrady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy. Authority in Nursing Practice (p. 14). Jones Bartlett Learning. Fuel Edition.

Health Promotions and Disease Prevention Paper Essay

Senior Mistreatment Senior abuse is a boundless issue in our general public that is frequently under-perceived by medicinal services experts. Because of developing open clamor in the course of recent years, all states currently have misuse laws that are explicit to more established grown-ups; most states have ordered detailing by all social insurance experts. The term â€Å"mistreatment† incorporates physical maltreatment and disregard, mental maltreatment, monetary abuse and infringement of rights. Unexpected weakness, physical or subjective disability, liquor misuse and a past filled with abusive behavior at home are a portion of the hazard factors for senior abuse. Conclusion of senior abuse relies upon getting an itemized history from the patient and the guardian. It additionally includes playing out a far reaching physical assessment. Just through mindfulness, a sound doubt and the performing of specific systems are doctors ready to distinguish senior abuse. When it is suspected, senior abus e ought to be accounted for to grown-up defensive administrations (HHS truth sheet, 2005). It is assessed that more than 2 million more seasoned grown-ups are abused every year in the United States. Senior abuse previously picked up consideration as a clinical and social issue around 20 years prior, when the term â€Å"granny battering† first showed up in a British clinical diary. Since that time, senior abuse has gotten a matter of concern in the United States, yet all through the world. This increased mindfulness has followed a developing familiarity with kid and spousal maltreatment. By and by, due to contrasting definitions, poor location and under-detailing, the degree of senior abuse is obscure. These equivalent elements make the assortment of information troublesome and its precision flawed. Distributed investigations gauge that the commonness of senior abuse ranges from 1 to 5 percent (Healthy individuals, 2010). Most medicinal services experts are hesitant to address abusive behavior at home. In any case, doctors are in a perfect situation to distinguish and oversee abuse, as they might be the main individual outside the family/parental figure job who consistentl y observes the more seasoned grown-up. Moreover, theâ physician is the most probable individual to arrange the testing, emergency clinic affirmations and bolster benefits that are now and again expected to address senior abuse. This paper will talk about the clinical, moral and legitimate issues with respect to senior abuse. The different types of senior abuse are characterized, including approaches to recognize patient and parental figure hazard components, and history and physical discoveries that recommend a conclusion of senior abuse. At long last, an orderly way to deal with persistent assessment, documentation and announcing of suspected cases will be checked on. Reasons senior maltreatment might be missed or not announced by medicinal services experts incorporate negative mentality toward more established grown-ups (ageism), little data in clinical writing about senior abuse, hesitance to characteristic indications of abuse (disbelief),isolation of casualties (persistent not seen regularly by doctors/social insurance suppliers), unpretentious introduction (i.e., poor cleanliness or parchedness), hesitance/dread of going up against the guilty party, hesitance to report abuse that is just suspected, abused individual demands that misuse not be accounted for (tolerant/doctor benefit), absence of information about appropriate revealing strategy, dread of endangering relationship with emergency clinic or nursing office Sorts of senior maltreatment Physical Abuse-happens when an individual is contacted in an unseemly manner, for example, hitting, punching, kicking, slapping, and pushing. Physical maltreatment regularly leaves blemishes on the person’s body: nibble marks, wounds, welts, and consume marks. Imprints are regularly left on arms, wrists, face, neck, and midsection region; Emotional/Psychological Abuse-happens when an individual is disparaging to someone else. An individual may treat the senior like a youngster or call them names. A senior may appear to be abnormally discouraged or may speak awful about themselves; Sexual maltreatment among a senior happens when sexual contact is made without assent. It additionally happens when a senior is unequipped for settling on such a choice, and is assault; Financial maltreatment happens when an individual or people exploit an older individual monetarily. This incorporates taking cash, lying about how much the senior requirements for certain consideration, or getting the money for the elder’s checks without authorization; Neglect/Abandonment-happens when the senior isn't as a rule appropriately thought about, for example, not being taken care of, washed, and appropriately sedated. This is additionally when the senior is being disregarded. The careâ giver will not offer consideration to the individual (Physical maltreatment of the old, 2005). Senior Mistreatment: Definitions and Classifications With an end goal to increment physicians’ mindfulness, encourage exact discovery and advance further research, the American Medical Association distributed a position paper on senior abuse in 1987. This paper proposed a standard definition: â€Å"‘Abuse’ will mean a demonstration or exclusion which brings about damage or undermined mischief to the wellbeing or government assistance of an older individual. Misuse incorporates deliberate curse of physical or mental injury; sexual maltreatment; or retaining of important food, dress, and clinical consideration to meet the physical and mental needs of an older individual by one having the consideration, authority or duty of an old person† (HHS certainty sheet, 2005). Senior abuse may take numerous structures. Kinds of senior abuse are frequently delegated physical maltreatment and disregard, mental maltreatment, money related misuse and infringement of rights. A significant obstruction to avoidance of and mediat ion for senior abuse is an absence of mindfulness with respect to doctors and other human services experts (LA4Seniors, 2005). Hazard Factors and Prevention Psychological weakness and the requirement for help with exercises of every day living are significant hazard factors for senior abuse. Parental figure burnout and disappointment can prompt senior abuse. Substance maltreatment by the parental figure or the patient, particularly maltreatment of liquor, essentially expands the danger of physical viciousness and disregard. Mental and character pathology in the parental figure and patient are likewise significant hazard factors. Counteraction of senior abuse is troublesome and depends as much on the social encouraging group of people as on the clinical system. Forestalling senior abuse includes distinguishing high-hazard patients and parental figures, and endeavoring to address the hidden issues. Screening patients and parental figures before arrangement can be useful, when it is practical. Helping patients acquire region or state help can likewise help diminish some high-chance circumstances. Hazard Factors for Elder Mistreatment More seasoned age, absence of access to assets, low salary, social disconnection, minority status, low degree of training, utilitarian debility, substanceâ abuse via parental figure or by old individual, mental disarranges and character pathology, past history of family brutality, guardian burnout and disappointment, and Cognitive debilitation. History-Recognizing abuse is regularly troublesome. The more established grown-up might be not able to give data on account of intellectual weakness. The history is here and there hard to get from the person in question, because of a paranoid fear of reprisal by the abuser. This reprisal can come as physical discipline or dangers of brutality and deserting. More established grown-ups are regularly dreadful of being set in a nursing office, and some may like to be mishandled in their own home as opposed to be moved to such an office (LA4Seniors, 2005). The abused more established grown-up regularly presents with substantial grumblings. Doctors ought to get some information about harsh dealing with, control and verbal or psychological mistreatment. Unobtrusive or befuddling objections may really be characteristic of abuse. Recognize that misuse and disregard are frequently found during routine visits at the physician’s office or in the drawn out consideration office. For the most part, the patient ought to be met without the caregiver(s) present. Psychological weakness may constrain the capacity to acquire an exact history. It is imperative to pose general inquiries about conditions in the home or nursing office. The doctor should attempt to acquire a precise perspective on the patient’s every day life, including dinners, prescription, shopping and social outlets (HHS actuality sheet, 2005). It is additionally critical to get some information about the nature and nature of the relationship with the guardian. It might be useful to pose inquiries, for example, â€Å"How do you and the parental figure get along?† and â€Å"Is the guardian taking great consideration of you?† It is basic to evaluate the patient’s mental status for markers of despondency or liquor and subst ance misuse. A conversation of the patient’s monetary circumstance might be fitting. On the off chance that issues of abuse are raised, the parental figure ought to be met also. The doctor must be mindful so as not to over decipher or to offer intriguing remarks, particularly when the patient is psychologically debilitated. Basic Features of the History in the Assessment of Mistreated Elders Medical issues/analyze, itemized portrayal of home condition (sufficiency of food, cover, supplies), exact depiction of occasions identified with injury or injury (occurrences of harsh taking care of, restriction, verbal or psychological mistreatment), history of earlier brutality, depiction of earlier wounds and eventsâ surrounding them, portrayal of criticizing, dangers or psychological mistreatment, inappropriate consideration of clinical issues, untreated wounds, poor cleanliness, delayed period before introducing for clinical consideration, sadness or other dysfunctional behavior, degree of disarray or dementia, medication or liquor misuse, quality/nature of associations wi th parental figures. Physical Examination and Laboratory Tests The physical assessment is regularly utilized as legitimate proof of abuse. Research facility and imaging studies ought to be performed to affirm

Business Model of Siemens

Business Model of Siemens © Shutterstock.com | Robert FruehaufSiemens is a worldwide giant conglomerate that makes anything from toasters and irons to gas turbines, transformers and medical imaging equipment. In this article, we will look at 1) introduction, 2) the business model, 3) corporate culture, and 4) controversies and issues.INTRODUCTION TO SIEMENSSiemens AG is the biggest engineering company in Europe and was created in 1847. The company is a German multinational conglomerate and the main divisions it operates in include industry, energy, healthcare and infrastructure and cities. The company is headquartered in Berlin and Munich. The huge company has close to 349,000 employees in as many as 190 countries worldwide. Global revenue was reported to be 75 billion Euros in 2013. The highest revenue generating unit for the company is the industrial automation division. This is followed by the medical healthcare unit which produces medical diagnostics equipment. The medical unit brings in about 12 percent of the company’s total profit.In 2014, the company announced plans to reduce bulk by cutting as many as 16,000 jobs. This could help the company cut as much as 1 billion euros in cost. The cuts represent about 3 percent of the workforce. The jobs will be cut from both the simplification of regional operations and a leaner divisional structure. HistorySince its inception in 1847, the company has been through many transformations. A brief history is given below:1847 â€" 1901Siemens began as Siemens and Halske and was founded in October of 1847. The founders, Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske, launched their invention based on the Telegraph. The invention used a needle to point to a series of letters instead of the Morse code. By 1848, the company had successfully created a long distance telegraph line within Europe. A first of its kind, this line ran from Berlin to Frankfurt for about 500km. One Siemens brother began the London office in 1858 while another created a presen ce in Russia in 1955 both following the expansion of the telegraph line to these areas. The company achieved a landmark by completing the telegraph line from Calcutta to London in 1867. Other achievements during this period included the production of a dynamo without permanent magnets as well as the Siemens AC Alternator powered by a watermill. The practical application of this was seen in the world’s first electric street lights in the UK. The company further grew to expand into light bulbs and even electric trains. In 1887, the company expanded to Japan.1901 â€" 1933In 1897, the company was incorporated and following this some units were merged with Schuckert Co. This led to the company becoming Siemens-Schuckert. By 1907, the company has reached 34,324 employees and became the 7th largest German company based on employee numbers. The company collaborated with two other companies in 1919 to form the Osram Lightbulb Company and during the 1920s and 1930s the company branched out into the production of radios, televisions and electron microscopes. It also constructed the first of its kind Ardnacrusha Hydro Power Station in the Irish Free State. The company made the move to consolidate with a few other companies in 1932 to form Siemens-Reiniger-Werke AG.1933 â€" 1945Through the end of World War II, factories and facilities in major German cities were destroyed by air raids. To preserve assets and continue production, manufacturing was relocated to alternate locations and regions. By doing this, war related and every goods continued to be supplied.1945 â€" 2001Following the war, the company moved to a new base in Bavaria and in the 1950s began the production of computers, semiconductor devices, washing machines and pacemakers. By 1966, several elements of the company namely Siemens Halske, Siemens-SchuckertWerke and Siemens-Reiniger Werke combined to create Siemens AG. In the same period, the company continued its history of collaboration by forming Kraftwer k Union with AEG to join the nuclear power business. This unit was later reintegrated into the company. The company made its first telephone exchange in 1980 and acquired a UK based defence and technology company called Plessy in 1988. Siemens retained control of the company’s avionics, radar and traffic control businesses. This was later sold to British Aerospace and a German aerospace company. The company continued to acquire interests in technology, energy and industry to expand the business further. The company also created a Siemens Financial Services unit in 1997. The aim was to help financing issues and manage financial risk for the giant company.2001 â€" 2011A major development during this time was the 50/50 joint venture of the Fixed Networks, Mobile Networks and Carrier Services Division with Nokia’s Network Business to form a new company called Nokia Siemens Networks. The merger was delayed because of ongoing bribery investigations against Siemens. This was not the fi rst controversy to hit the company with other incidents in the past. The company admitted to the allegations and a fine of 201 million euros was levied on the company. Contracts with the Nigerian Government were cancelled as a result of this incident.The company continued its growth in the 2000s by incorporating Chemtech Group from Brazil into the Siemens Group. The company brought in expertise in the fields of industrial process optimization, consultancy and engineering services. Some other acquisitions during this time included companies in the fields of Automation and Drives, data organization and presentation, small and industrial gas turbines and phones, wind energy, broadband network equipment, CCTV systems, water and waste water treatment systems and medical solutions among others. It also expanded business in Afghanistan, the US and China.2011 â€" PresentIn 2011, the company made the decision to list Osram on the stock market but while retaining long term interest in it. In the same year, the company announced its exit from the nuclear sector following the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster. This disaster led to changes in the German energy policy which directed more focus towards renewable sources of energy. The company acquired a rail company in 2012 and in 2013, sold its stake in Nokia Siemens Networks to Nokia, ending the company’s presence in the telecommunications sector. The company successfully bid for a substantial order for power plant components in August 2013 from a Saudi oil firm. There are also plans to set up a facility to create offshore wind turbines in England, in keeping with the increased use of wind to generate energy.BUSINESS MODELBusiness Segments, Products and ServicesThe company divides itself into the following four main sectors and 19 divisions. Briefly, these are:IndustryThis sector includes Industry Automation, Drive Technologies and Customer Services divisions.Products and ServicesProducts in this category include building autom ation equipment and systems, building operations equipment and systems, building fire safety equipment and systems, building security equipment and systems, motors and drives for conveyor belts, pumps and compressors, heavy duty motors and drivers for rolling steel mills, compressors for oil and gas pipelines, mechanical components, automation equipment and systems for production machinery and tools and industrial plants for water and raw material processing. EnergyThis sector includes Fossil Power Generation, Wind Power, Solar and Hydro, Oil and Gas, Energy Service and Power Transmission divisions. The company earned 26.6 billion Euros in Revenue in 2013. At present it employs about 83,500 employees.CompetitorsThe company faces major competition from GE Energy. Different competitors exist for product lines such as Aldstorm Grid and ABB for smart grids.Products and ServicesSome of the products in this sector include large scale gas and steam turbine generators, fossil fueled power p lants, power plant modernizations and upgrades, wind power turbines and wind farms, substations, high voltage circuit breakers, voltage regulators, surge arrestors, transformers, process control, power management systems and decision support tools for plant and network operators, air pollution control equipment, turbocompressors for petrochemical, refining, oil and gas and chemical uses and training and consulting services.Key ChallengesThe key challenges faced by the company in this area include resource efficiency, climate protection, economic efficiency and reliable power supply. HealthcareThis sector includes Imaging and Therapy Systems, Clinical Product, Diagnostics and Customer Solutions divisions. The business unit is based in Erlangen, Germany with regional presence in different areas around the world. The company formally became Siemens Medical Solutions in 2001 and Siemens Healthcare in 2008. The company employs 49,000 employees with a larger concentration based in Germany .CompetitorsMajor competitors for Siemens Healthcare include GE Healthcare, Philips, Toshiba and Cerner.Products and ServicesMajor products include Healthcare IT and Infrastructure, Hearing Instruments, Laboratory Diagnistics, Medical Imaging, therapy systems, Accessories and OEM Equipment, Refurbished Systems, Education and Training and other services.USPSome key areas that help Siemens Healthcare stay ahead of its competition include:Innovation â€" the company has a large number of patents and spend a considerable amount in RD. This helps meet and anticipate customer needs.Service Delivery â€" the company uses expert local service, training and logistics for service delivery. The idea is to combine personalized care and advanced services that may be located remotely.Lifestyle Value Program â€" this is an integrated and comprehensive customer care plan to help customers gain the most from their investments by offering programs and support to further develop their skills, productivi ty and capabilities to ensure that patient care continues to become better.Customer Focus â€" the company focuses on continuous improvement, customers and quality. There are customer outreach programs to communicate with them. Infrastructure and CitiesThis sector comprises of the Rail Systems, Mobility and Logistics, Low and Medium Voltage, Smart Grid, Building Technologies and OSRAM. This sector works towards solutions for urban mobility, environmental protection and energy conservation. The company employs close to 87,000 employees.CompetitorsIn the rail division, the company faces competition from many companies including Bombardier, Hitachi, Alstom and CAF.Products and ServicesMajor products for this sector include rail systems, rail automation, infrastructure logistics, intelligent traffic and transportation systems, electric mobility infrastructure, smart grids and building technologies.USPThere is constant innovation and a concentrated focus on the customer itself. Apart from these, there are also the Siemens IT Solutions and Services, Siemens Financial Services and the Research and Development unit. The company invested nearly 4 billion Euros in RD in 2011. This was equal to 5.3 percent of the Group’s revenue. The company has 11,800 RD employees in Germany and close to 16,000 globally. Some of the countries where these people are based include India, Mexico, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, China, Denmark, Croatia, France the United Kingdom and the United States.CORPORATE CULTUREAccording to the company, the culture is friendly and open. There are also competitive salaries and performance related bonuses. The company also offers some flextime plans such as part-time work. There are also well staffed daycares for children to help parents along their career path.  The company has been exposed in the past for having a culture that supports bribery to get things done. With massive international contracts as the target, employees had been siphoning off millions of euros into false contracts, bills and shell corporations to pay these bribes. This has changed now and there has been work done to weed out this attitude from the company.The company also offers a graduate program. This was created in 1922 and the first of its kind at Siemens. The program is a two year international development program for Masters holders and PHDs. The program is available in many regions including Germany, Denmark, the UK, Belgium, France, Spain, Switzerland, Russia, China, India, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Egypt, Brazil and the USA. The program has three major work assignments. One is an assignment abroad for 8 months within a Siemens sector.The company has remained the employer of choice for engineering students in Europe. According to CNN, the company beat out BMW group for the top slot in 2012. The ranking is compiled by independent body Universum. According to this body, students look for employers who provide the opportunity to innovate, gain international experience, get job security and receive opportunities for leadership development. The global director for Universum, Claudia Tattenelli said that Siemens provides all of the above along with very competitive and attractive starting salaries.CONTROVERSIES AND ISSUESThroughout its life, the company has faced criticism for some of its controversial actions and decisions. Three major controversies include:World War II and Nazi CollaborationThe company was accused of working with the Nazi’s to use forced labor in concentration camps in WW2.Price FixingIn 2007, the company was fined by the European Commission for fixing prices in electricity markets around the European Union. The company was accused of being part of a cartel of 11 companies that included competitors such as ABB, Alstom, Fuji and Hitachi among others. The companies were accused of rigging bids related to contracts for procurements, fixing prices and giving projects to each other. They were also accuse d of sharing confidential information.BriberyThe company was also fined in 2008 after an investigation into bribery accusations. Among other incidents, there was one where 6 million euros were paid to help the company win contracts win Enel, an Italian Energy company for gas turbine contracts. The company was also accused of bribery in Greece, Nigeria and other countries.

The Emergence Of Slavery And The Civil War - 1415 Words

Kenneth Tungol AAS 33b Section 11 11/12/14 The Emergence of Slavery and How It Led to the Civil War Slavery is a system where people are not treated as people, they are treated as property. Properties have no right to do anything and only follow what their masters want. They are used for the benefits of their masters and gain nothing in return. This describes exactly how slaves are treated. The unethical and cruel treatment of people through the slavery system caused various slave rebellions and ultimately lit the spark leading up to the beginning of the Civil War. In the southern economy, more specifically the Chesapeake and South Carolina regions, plantation owners used slaves to produce cash crops such as tobacco and rice. The slavery system they followed was based on heredity. This means the children of the enslaved are born to the life of a slave (Jones. 112). The child has zero percent chance to even try to become free because once they are born they have no choice. The process of harvesting these crops were so labor intensive that eventually the demand for slaves slowly began to dwindle down until the arrival of Eli Whitney’s cotton gin. Cotton production is the south was also labor intensive, but after the cotton gin it was much easier to produce compared to other cash crops. Initially, slaves manually picked the seeds out of the cotton with their bare hands, which took an abundant amount of time. The process took so much time that the plantation ownersShow MoreRelatedThe American Abolitionists Book Review Essay1214 Words   |à ‚  5 Pages Written by Harrold Stanley, American Abolitionists is a book that scrutinizes the movement of abolishing slavery in the United States. It examines the movement from its origin in the 18century in the course of the Civil War and the elimination of slavery in 1856. American Abolitionists book focuses on the American Abolitionists who struggled to end slavery and advocated for equal rights for all African Americans in the United States. Harrold mainly focuses his book on the abolitionist movementRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War was one of the most bloody and divisive conflicts in United States’ history. While the conflict may have spanned over four years, its origins date back to the birth of the nation. The fracturing of the early political system on the basis of location, party, economic visions were the beginning of fundamental differences between the states. As the political, social, and economic patterns developed throughou t the nation, the regional and ideological differences only deepened, leading toRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1335 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge of warfare of the 21st century it is easy to say that the American Civil War was simply put, a very traditional war. Thinking of modern tactics and a course of numbers and deployment one might come to the conclusion that the Civil War was fought centuries ago; nevertheless, it only occurred 152 years ago. This hard fought national struggle was in fact a very modern war for many simple reasons, including the emergence of a new form of large national government with centralized authority, newRead MoreThe American Civil War981 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War was one of the major events in history that helped develop America to what it is today. Many people think that the American Civil War was fought over the issue of slavery alone, but in reality it was caused by many disagreements and events between the northern free states and southern slave states that occurred prior to the war. Monetary alterations were one of the main reasons the North and South had many conflicts and differences in beliefs. The Civil War was an inevitableRead MoreNorth South Tensions Before Civil War868 Words   |  4 PagesJones North-South Tensions before Civil War The Civil War was not a spontaneous conflict, rather it was the culmination of various events in American history that were in the two decades preceding it. These events exposed a rift in American society which would eventually lead to the Civil War. Among these events were the Kansas-Nebraska Act and Mexican-American War. Both of them lead to a highly polarized reactions from Northerners and Southerners in the slavery debate. In the end, the Kansas-NebraskaRead MoreHistory And The United States1463 Words   |  6 Pagescame to America in the mid 1600’s till the 1760’s. Other periods include the Revolution period which picked up from the colonial period till the early 1780’s. The period of Westward Expansion lasted from the 1800 to the 1830’s, then there was the Civil War Period which spanned from the 1840’s till the 1860’s. Finally, the Interpretative Period which lasted from 1930’s and continues to today. Looking back at these tim e periods we can see what was considered â€Å"news† and what was â€Å"newsworthy†, the dominateRead MoreHistorical Report on Race Eth/125 Essay904 Words   |  4 Pageswith Africans that forced to aid in the production process of tobacco (History, 2013). Slavery grew over the next two hundred years and by the early 1800s Northern states were no longer considered slavery states. The Southern states continued their practice of slavery and this division of North and South is a major reason for the emergence of the American Civil War that began in 1861. At the end of the Civil War in 1865 all slaves were considered free U.S. citizens with the signing of the EmancipationRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesEngland colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861. 4. Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. Focus yourRead MoreBlack Movements Of America By Cedric J. Robinson1530 Words   |  7 PagesBlack Movements In America is written by Cedric J. Robinson, who is a professor of Black Studies and Political Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Robinson traces the emergence of Black political cultures in the United States from slave resistance in the sixteenth and seventeenth century to the civil rights movement of the present. He also focuses on Black resistance which was forged from a succession of quests such as The return to Africa; escape and alliances with anti-colonialRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Civil War1283 Words   |  6 Pagestopics such as slavery had been considered to be the root of the War Between the States. All of these subjects are actually just facets of one and that is culture. The idea that the American Civil War was the result of divergent a nd clashing northern and southern cultures is one that is valid, sound, and supported. Culture affects how people perceive themselves, others, and the world. Of the many aspects of American culture there are a few that stand out for being the most divisive: slavery, ethnicity

Defaulting College Tuition Debt - 3381 Words

PROBLEM DEFINITION Along with scholarships, fellowships, and grants, student loans are an important method of financing post-secondary education. With tuition costs rising, more students are borrowing to pay for college education today. However, not all students realize the burden of paying back their student loans. Many are defaulting. Moreover, individual borrowers are not the only ones who face the consequences of the loan default. The federal government recovers around 80% of the total defaulted amount of student loans, losing billions of dollars each year. The latest data from the U.S. Department of Education indicates that student loan default rates have been rising. Official 2011 default rate is 10%. (Comparison of FY 2011 2-Year†¦show more content†¦Borrowers do not have power over the maximum amount they can borrow, over the interest rate, over anything in fact. However, at the time of enrollment, loan is not a real thing for the borrowers, as they do not have to worry about paying it back right away. They face problems when they need help repaying the loans or cannot repay the loans. Then, they have a legitimate and urgent issue to deal with, but still no power. So the borrowers are moderately salient or expectant stakeholders (Mitchell, Agle, and Wood 853-86). They can only choose from the availa ble repayment options or default on their loans. Another group of stakeholders is the schools. Loan servicers monitor when students do not make payments on their loans and go into default and report it to the school and the department of education. At this point, the school tries to reach the student and explain to them existing repayment plans or forbearance options. If the student does not sign the repayment plan or the forbearance, the loan is reported on a cohort default rate. (Default cohort consists of loans that go into the repayment during a single federal fiscal year (from Oct 1 to Sept 30). There are 2-year and 3-year default cohort periods). If the reported school default rate gets to 25% in 3 consecutive years or 40% in one year, the college could lose eligibility to participate in the Direct Loan program, and in most cases, the Federal Pell Grant program. That isShow MoreRelatedIntroduction. In The Recent Years, There Has Been An Increasing1016 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction In the recent years, there has been an increasing difficulty in paying tuition fees for college students. This has been brought about by high cost of living and inflation. In addition, college tuition fees today as compared to 50 years back have increased exponentially. As a result, more students are opting to applying and taking student loans provided by the federal government. Consequently, statistics show that the amount of student dept is souring. 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Year Stpauls College Free Essays

Institutions and personal experience In this report I will discuss the Impacts of Institutions. Len this report I will refer to the book raw and Shawano redemption and a poem Power structures. Institutions have many power structures tort example An Institution does not Just have one set power structure with all the rest equal. We will write a custom essay sample on Year Stpauls College or any similar topic only for you Order Now A power structure Is a person of higher power. For example you’re principal or the warden in jail. Students Raw by Scott Monk shows different levels of power structures in institutions. It shows the difference of a good power structure to help people. Tyson abuses his low phew kook raw shows that Tyson uses his size to taunt and bully the other kids on the farm. Tyson taunts Brett by calling him a pretty boy. Tyson thinks he has the power to do so. Shawano Redemption. The men are free. The power structures got them there. They learned from others mistakes and guidelines from the hierarchy. The men are free. The power structures got them there. They learned from others mistakes and guidelines from the hierarchy. Shawano by frank dartboard has a different power structure . He Jail warden is all about control discipline and underneath the Job as warden he is as irrupt as all the other convicts In the Jail. And was always being beaten up and never told any one until the higher power stepped in and stopped It. * The morning sun at the end * Driving into the sunset Rebellion and protest (response to institutionalizing) Rebellion and protest can be a response to institutionalizing. Institutionalizing is where the person in the institutio n becomes addicted to it and cannot live outside the Institution. Outside the Institution Is onto place for them, they have become institutionalized. Also a key part of Institutionalizing is because the institution revised safety, security and is a predictable place unlike the big wide world. These people that have become dependent on the institution cannot survive without the routine, strong boundary and decision making being made for them. Shawano In Shawano Redemption the character Brooks Heathen saw himself as someone, in prison he had a life there. He was being discharged and was not allowed to stay. Because of this he had to rebel. â€Å"This is the only way they’ll let me star (Shawano tofu Redemption). Prison was what en knew and en was Witt his trends. Brooks rebels by trying to take a life to stay in prison. He had to rebel, he had to become institutionalized. He did not want to leave because this was his home for his whole life. Because of the institutionalizing when Brooks left prison he saw himself as a minority and did not have the respect and love he got in the prison. And an old man can’t rebel or protest so he took his own life. Letters from an Institution By Michael Ryan Poem Letters from an institution by Michael Ryan â€Å"I’d like to push them each somewhere† the institution forces things upon the characters in the movie and the poem. He wants to rebel and push them away, they re hurting him. There is no starting again they are institutionalized. All they know is the institution. If they can’t flee or rebel, they â€Å"start to want to crazy’ they can’t live without the rules forced upon them. Because they are so used to it they start to enjoy it, it becomes an addiction. As Red said in Shawano even now he has left the prison he still has to have to ask to pips. He has done it his whole life and can’t stop now. Responsibilities of individuals within institutions The responsibilities of individuals within institutions is to fulfill the goal of institutions ideas. What we are looking at hear is the rehabilitation of individuals in institutions. Beret’s self-image impacts his whole time at the farm. After the continuous pressure from his parent’s and the police, Brett is lost and confused, he sees that he has no responsibilities and does not belong anywhere. Brett looked at his fists and they were swollen from too many fights, he shook his head. Brett realizes that it is his responsibility as an individual to change his life and do right. Before this point Brett does not want to be rehabilitated and does not see that he is responsible for his own actions. At the end of the book Brett see’s that it is not the institutions responsibility to change him but that it is his and only he can change if he wants. â€Å"Only you can help yourself† (Raw). When he drives off into the morning sun he realizes the new day, a new beginning to be responsible and to take the consequences as he makes mistakes. Shawano Redemption. Unlike Brett in Raw, Andy Defense was innocent when he was put in Jail. He knew from the start of his two life sentences what he wanted and knew exactly how to get it. Even though he was doubted by Red when he bought his rock hammer â€Å"waste of money if you ask me†. Also the fact that Andy knew what he had to do to make his life easier. He went with the flow and knew what he had to do to escape. Brett from Raw did not know what he wanted and did not think it was his responsibility. Impact on self-image Your own self-image is how you see yourself. This can be particularly bad if your opinion of yourself is bad. But the opposite if it is good. It is how you see yourself through others eyes. For example how you think you look and if you think you’re a DOD person or not. RAW Brett blames the world because he thinks everyone hates him. During the book Brett is pressured by obstacles along the way causing negative thoughts about himself and the world. â€Å"It’s nard work UT I b it’s honest money’ (Raw) because Brett HTH KS the world hates him he automatically thinks that Josh is implying that he is a thief when he says this. Josh shows Bret how he sees himself as this person and how he automatically thinks everybody else sees him as this. This impacted Beret’s self-image in a positive way. Letters from an Institution This poem reveals how the life has been sucked out the character. He has only one way of doing things, the institutional way. This way, in which people are trained and forced to do the one thing even if they don’t want to. â€Å"l pretend a lighthouse with a little man inside†. The character in the poem imagines himself as a free person. He has to dream because he has no other way of doing things. He sees himself as a sailor who tells old stories of the sea. He can’t be who he wants. The character from the poem is strapped to his bed tightly and is uncomfortable. He wants to be free but is bound by the beds and is incapable of being what he dreams about himself. He can only use his imagination now and it doesn’t matter what everybody else sees him s. So he â€Å"starts to like the needles† and he â€Å"starts to want to crazy’ (Letters from an Institution). After analyzing the texts Raw by Scott Monk, Shawano Redemption by Frank Dartboard and the Poem Letters from an Institution by Michael Ryan’, I found that every person has a different personal experience in institutions. This report has confirmed my thesis that I believe that every person can and will have different experiences of institution to institution based on the approach they take to the institution. This is seen in Raw when Brett accepts responsibility and starts to improve his behavior and self-image. How to cite Year Stpauls College, Papers

Welfare and Individual Responsibility

Introduction The U.S. welfare system has grown overtime from a government run system to a state run system. The rationale behind this shift is that a state run function provides a better welfare system that sufficiently addresses the needs of those involved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Welfare and Individual Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This includes the taxpayers who ultimately raise funds for the welfare programs. States have the discretion to prescribe the eligibility criteria and determine the length of time a family may benefit from welfare. Nevertheless, the fundamental ethical issues behind welfare still prevail. The greatest ethical issue that raises a heated debate is the extent to which individuals should be held responsible for their own well-being. According to Federal Safety Net (2013), the U.S. welfare system places the middle class ahead of individuals in severe poverty. Othe r people argue that the welfare system tends to take away pride from the able poor and fails to assist them escape poverty. Accordingly, the compassion given to the â€Å"poor† may send some signal that the so called poor are not capable of moving beyond their plight (Federal Safety Net, 2013). Application of Virtue Ethics Virtue ethics is very essential in the welfare system. According to Aristotle, a person’s quality of life is dependent on his or her ability to accomplish minimum human goals (Sumner, 1996, p.110). The ultimate goal of all human beings is to have a good, independent life. Many states have programs that focus on promoting employment for individuals so that they may stop relying on welfare. Virtue ethics concentrates on the significance of beating bad character traits such as selfishness and laziness. Rather than focusing on prescribed rules and ways of solving problems, virtue ethics concentrates on assisting people to acquire good habits such as comp assion. Aristotle further suggests that good habits enable people to control their feelings and reason. As a result, a person arrives at morally right decisions when confronted with hard choices. The parties involved in the welfare process should embrace virtue ethics so that they invoke morality in decision-making processes. The government should also use ethical principles in making choices regarding the eligibility and length of time an individual is to benefit from the welfare program. The problem with virtue ethics is that it is very difficult to determine good character traits. This is because people view things differently. Application of Care Ethics Care ethics puts emphasis on the interdependence of individuals (Jawad, 2012, p. 24). In addition, the theory promotes the significance of relationships within families and communities. Care ethics proposes that some individuals are more vulnerable than others.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proponents of this theory argue on the basis of Carol Gilligan’s assertion that girls and women view morality from an empathic and caring perspective in interpersonal relationships. This theory encourages altruism, which involves caring for others’ needs and feelings. Unlike the Kantian and Platonic theories, care ethics does not separate moral thoughts from feelings (Jawad, 2012, p. 33). Care ethics is also different from the libertarian theory which encourages individual independence. Those who argue in support of welfare claim that self-interest is not the only thing that motivates people’s actions (Westfall, 1997). Human beings have an inherent duty of promoting the welfare of the society and its members. Accordingly, stable members naturally have an indomitable willingness to work and support the poor to pick up themselves and act in the same respect toward other members. Critics of care ethics con tend that the theory focuses on care without putting much inquiry into individuals giving or receiving the same. This theory does not settle claims that the welfare program puts the middle class ahead of the extremely poor people. Furthermore, care ethics fails to determine whether the relationships among care-givers and care-receivers are just (Jawad, 2012, p. 56). Conclusion There is no universally accepted way of evaluating ethical issues. Different theories attempt to solve different ethical problems. The utilitarian theory, which proposes the greatest happiness for the greatest number (Waller, 2011, p. 44, 87), can be applied in solving the welfare problem. The main purpose of utilitarianism is to maximize happiness and minimize suffering. Essentially, individuals make decisions in line with what causes them greatest pleasure. They only engage in what pleases them when given an opportunity. Some people can take advantage of the welfare system so that they receive maintenance wi thout working. Both â€Å"act utilitarianism† and â€Å"rule utilitarianism† place a great emphasis on the probable consequence of one’s actions (Waller, 2011, p.88). To some scholars, care ethics may pose a great temptation to individuals with self-interest motivation so that they choose not to work. The care ethic cannot exist on its own since it increases the chances of oppression or exploitation of care-givers. Individuals in a society expect from others, and themselves, behavior that promotes the well-being of all members. Utilitarianism advocates for individualism. This implies that the only morally relevant measure is individual welfare (Sumner, 1996, p. 67). Basing on the critical assumption that human utility is commensurable in some way and that it can be divided among individuals, welfare should be distributed in a manner that maximizes happiness and minimizes suffering.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Welfare and Individual Res ponsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Federal Safety Net. (2013, June). Welfare Ethics. Retrieved from http://federalsafetynet.com/welfare-ethics.html Jawad, R. (2012). Religion and Faith-Based Welfare: From Wellbeing to Ways of Being. Bristol: The Policy Press. Sumner, L. W. (1996). Welfare, Happiness and Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Waller, B.N. (2011). Consider Ethics: Theory, Readings, and Contemporary Issues, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Westfall, J. (1997). The Welfare of the Community. Issues in Ethics, 8(3). Retrieved from https://legacy.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v8n3/welfare.html This essay on Welfare and Individual Responsibility was written and submitted by user L1ndsey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The trial essays

The trial essays This disturbing and vastly influential novel has been interpreted on many levels of structure and symbol; but most commentators agree that the book explores the themes of guilt, anxiety, and moral impotency in the face of some ambiguous force. Joseph K. is an employee in a bank, a man without particular qualities or abilities. He could be anyone, and in some ways he is everyone. His inconsequence makes doubly strange his arrest by the officer of the court in the large city where K. lives. He tries in vain to discover how he has aroused the suspicion of the court. His honesty is conventional; his sins, with Elsa the waitress, are conventional; and he has no striking or dangerous ambitions. He can only ask questions, and receives no answers that clarify the strange world of courts and court functionaries in which he is compelled to wander. The plight of Joseph K., consumed by guilt and condemned for a crime he does not understand by a court with which he cannot communicate, is a profound and disturbing image of man in the modern world. There are no formal charges, no procedures, and little information to guide the defendant. One of the most unsettling aspects of the novel is the continual juxtaposition of alternative hypotheses, multiple explanations, different interpretations of cause and effect, and the uncertainty it breeds. The whole rational structure of the world is undermined. Is it not better to fall into the hands of a murderer than into the dreams of a lustful woman? Friedrich Nietzsche, Also Sprach Zarathustra Chapter 1: The Arrest Conversation with Frau Grubach Then Frulein Brstner Joseph K., our hero, wakes up the morning of his thirtieth birthday expecting his breakfast to be brought to him. What he gets instead are two warders, Franz and Willem, telling him he's under arrest. He protests some, demanding to see their boss, at first thinking it must be a ...

Changan - Capital of the Han, Sui, and Tang Dynasties

Changan - Capital of the Han, Sui, and Tang Dynasties Changan is the name of one of the most important and immense ancient capital cities of ancient China. Known as the eastern terminal of the Silk Road, Changan is located in Shaanxi Province about 3 kilometers (1.8 miles) northwest of the modern town of XiAn. Changan served as capital to the leaders of the Western Han (206 BC-220 AD), Sui (581-618 CE), and Tang (618-907 AD) dynasties. ChangAn was established as a capital in 202 BC by the first Han Emperor Gaozu (ruled 206-195), and it was destroyed during the political upheaval at the end of the Tang dynasty in 904 AD. The Tang dynasty city occupied an area seven times larger than the current modern city, which itself dates to the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing(1644-1912) dynasties. Two Tang dynasty buildings still stand today―the Large and Small Wild Goose Pagodas (or palaces), built in the 8th century AD; the rest of the city is known from historical records and archaeological excavations conducted since 1956 by the Chinese Institute of Archaeology (CASS). Western Han Dynasty Capital At about AD 1, the population of ChangAn was nearly 250,000, and it was a city of international importance for its role as the eastern end of the Silk Road. The Han Dynasty city was laid out as an irregular polygon surrounded by a pounded-earth wall 12-16 meters (40-52 feet) wide at the base and more than 12 m (40 ft) high. The perimeter wall ran a total of 25.7 km (16 mi or 62 li in the measurement used by Han). The wall was pierced by 12 city gates, five of which have been excavated. Each of the gates had three gateways, each 6-8 m (20-26 ft) wide, accommodating the traffic of 3-4 adjacent carriages. A moat provided additional security, surrounding the city and measuring 8 m wide by 3 m deep (26x10 ft). There were eight main roads in Han dynasty ChangAn, each between 45-56 m (157-183 ft) wide; the longest leads from the Gate of Peace and was 5.4 km (3.4 mi) long. Each boulevard was divided into three lanes by two drainage ditches. The middle lane was 20 m (65 ft) wide and reserved exclusively for the use of the emperor. The lanes on either side averaged 12 m (40 ft) in width. Main Han Dynasty Buildings The Changle Palace compound, known as the Donggong or eastern Palace and located in the southeastern part of the city, was approximately 6 sq km (2.3 sq mi) in surface area. It served as the living quarters for the Western Han empresses. The Weiyang Palace compound or Xigong (western palace) occupied an area of 5 sq km (2 sq mi) and was located in the southwestern side of the city; it was where Han emperors held daily meetings with city officials. Its principal building was the Anterior Palace, a structure including three halls and measuring 400 m north/south and 200 m east/west (1300x650 ft). It must have towered over the city, as it was built on a foundation that was 15 m (50 ft) in height at the north end. At the north end of the Weiyang compound was the Posterior Palace and buildings that housed the imperial administration offices. The compound was surrounded by a pounded earth wall. The Gui palace compound is much larger than Weiyang but has not yet been fully excavated or at least not reported in the western literature. Administrative Buildings and Markets In a administrative facility located between the Changle and Weiyang palaces was discovered 57,000 small bones (from 5.8-7.2 cm), each of which were inscribed with the name of an article, its measurement, number, and date of manufacture; its workshop where it was created, and the names of both the artisan and the official who commissioned the object. An armory held seven storehouses, each with densely arranged weapon racks and many iron weapons. A large zone of pottery kilns that manufactured brick and tile for the palaces was located north of the armory. Two markets were identified within the northwestern corner of the Han city of ChangAn, the eastern market measuring 780x700 m (2600x2300 ft, and the western market measuring 550x420 m (1800x1400 ft). Throughout the city were foundries, mints, and pottery kilns and workshops. The pottery kilns produced funerary figures and animals, in addition to daily utensils and architectural brick and tile. In the southern suburbs of Changan were remains of ritual structures, such as the Piyong (imperial academy) and jiumiao (ancestral temples to the Nine Ancestors), both of which were established by Wang-Meng, who ruled ChangAn between 8-23 AD. The piyong was built according to Confucian architecture, a square on top of a circle; while the jiumiao was built on the contemporary but contrasting principles of Yin and Yang (female and male) and Wu Xing (5 Elements). Imperial Mausoleum Numerous tombs have been found dated to the Han Dynasty, including two imperial mausoleums, the Ba Mausoleum (Baling) of Emperor Wen (r. 179-157 BC), in an eastern suburb of the city; and the Du mausoleum (Duling) of Emperor Xuan (r. 73-49 BC) in southeastern suburbs. Duling is a typical elite Han Dynasty tomb. Within its gated, pounded earth walls are separate complexes for the burials of the emperor and empress. Each interment is centrally located within a gated rectangular surrounding wall and covered by a pyramidal pounded-earth mound. Both have a walled courtyard outside of the burial enclosure, including a retiring hall (qindian) and a side hall (biandian) where ritual activities associated with the buried person were conducted, and where the individuals royal costumes were displayed. Two burial pits contained hundreds of nude life-sized terracotta figures―they were clothed when placed there but the cloth has rotted away. The pits also included a number of pottery tiles and bricks, bronzes, gold pieces, lacquers, pottery vessels, and weapons. Also at Duling was a shared mausoleum temple with an altar, located 500 m (1600 ft) from the tombs. Satellite tombs found east of the mausoleums were built during the rulers dynasty, some of which are quite large, many of them with conical pounded earth mounds. Sui and Tang Dynasties Chang​an was called Daxing during the Sui Dynasty (581-618 AD) and it was founded in 582 AD. The city was renamed Changan by the Tang dynasty rulers and served as its capital until its destruction in 904 AD.   Daxing was designed by the Sui Emperor Wens (r. 581-604) famous architect Yuwen Kai (555-612 AD). Yuwen laid out the city with a highly formal symmetry that integrated natural scenery and lakes. The design served as a model for many other Sui and later cities. The layout was maintained through the Tang Dynasty: most of the Sui palaces were also used by Tang dynasty emperors. An enormous pounded-earth wall, 12 m (40 ft) thick at the base, enclosed an area of approximately 84 sq km (32.5 sq mi). At each of the twelve gates, a fired brick fa ¸ade led into the city. Most of the gates had three gateways, but the main Mingde Gate had five, each 5 m (16 ft) wide. The city was arranged as a set of nested districts: the guocheng (outer walls of the city describing its limits), the huangcheng or imperial district (an area of 5.2 sq km or 2 sq mi), and the gongcheng, the palace district, containing an area of 4.2 sq km (1.6 sq mi). Each district was surrounded by its own walls. Main Buildings of the Palace District The gongcheng included the Taiji Palace (or Daxing Palace during the Sui dynasty) as its central structure; an imperial garden was built to the north. Eleven great avenues or boulevards ran north to south and 14 east to west. These avenues divided the city into wards containing residences, offices, markets, and Buddhist and Daoist temples. The only two extant buildings from ancient Changan are two of those temples: the Great and Small Wild Goose Pagodas. The Temple of Heaven, located south of the city and excavated in 1999, was a circular pounded earth platform composed of four concentric stepped circular altars, stacked on top of one another to a height of between 6.75-8 m (22-26 ft) and 53 m (173 ft) in diameter. Its style was the model for the Ming and Qing Imperial Temples of Heaven in Beijing. In 1970, a hoard of 1,000 silver and gold objects, as well as jade and other precious stones called the Hejiacun Hoard was discovered at Changan. The hoard dated to 785 AD was found in an elite residence. Burials: a Sogdian in China One of the individuals involved in the Silk Road trade that was so central to the importance of ChangAn was Lord Shi, or Wirkak, a Sogdian or ethnic Iranian buried in ChangAn. Sogdiana was located in what is today Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan, and they were responsible for the central Asian oasis towns of Samarkand and Bukhara. Wirkaks tomb was discovered in 2003, and it includes elements from both Tang and Sogdian cultures. The underground square chamber was created in the Chinese style, with access provided by a ramp, an arched passageway and two doors. Inside was a stone outer sarcophagus measuring 2.5 m long x 1.5 m wide x 1.6 cm high (8.1x5x5.2 ft), lavishly decorated with painted and gilded reliefs depicting scenes of banquets, hunting, travels, caravans, and deities. On the lintel above the door are two inscriptions, naming the man as Lord Shi, a man of the nation of Shi, originally from the Western countries, who moved to Changan and was appointed sabao of Liangzhou. His name is inscribed in Sogdian as Wirkak, and it says that he died at the age of 86 in the year 579, and was married to the Lady Kang who died one month after him and was buried by his side. On the southern and eastern sides of the coffin are inscribed scenes associated with the Zoroastrian faith and in Zoroastrian fashion, the selection of the south and eastern sides to decorate corresponds to the direction the priest faces when officiating (south) and the direction of Paradise (east). Among the inscriptions is the priest-bird, which may represent the Zoroastrian deity Dahman Afrin. The scenes described the Zorastrian journey of the soul after death. Tang Sancai Pottery Tang Sancai is the general name for vividly color-glazed pottery produced during the Tang dynasty, especially between 549-846 AD. Sancai means three colors, and those colors refer typically (but not exclusively) to yellow, green and white glazes. Tang Sancai was famous for its association with the Silk Roadits style and shape were borrowed by Islamic potters at the other end of the trade network. A pottery kiln site was found at ChangAn named Liquanfang and used during the early 8th century AD. Liquanfang is one of only five known tang sancai kilns, the other four are Huangye or Gongxian Kilns in Henan Province; Xing Kiln in Hebei Province, Huangbu or Huuangbao Kiln and Xian Kiln in Shaanxi. Sources: Cui J, Rehren T, Lei Y, Cheng X, Jiang J, and Wu X. 2010. Western technical traditions of pottery making in Tang Dynasty China: chemical evidence from the Liquanfang Kiln site, Xian city. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(7):1502-1509.Grenet F, Riboud P, and Yang J. 2004. Zoroastrian scenes on a newly discovered Sogdian tomb in Xian, northern China. Studia Iranica 33:273-284.Lei Y, Feng SL, Feng XQ, and Chai ZF. 2007. A provenance study of Tang Sancai from Chinese tombs and relics by INAA. Archaeometry 49(3):483-494.Liang M. 2013. Scenes of Music-Making and Dancing in Wall Paintings of the Tang Tombs in the Xian Area. Music in Art 38(1-2):243-258.Yang X. 2001. Entry 78: Changan Capital Site at Xian, Shaanxi Province. In: Yang X, editor. Chinese Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: New Perspectives on Chinas Past. New Haven: Yale University Press. p 233-236.Yang X. 2001. Entry 79: Imperial mausoleums of the Western Han dynasty at Xian and the Xianyang Plains, Shaanxi Province. In: Yang X, editor. Chinese Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: New Perspectives on Chinas Past. New Haven: Yale University Press. p 237-242. Yang X. 2001. Entry 117: Daxing-ChangAn Capitals and Daming Palace Sites at Xian, Shaanxi province. In: Yang X, editor. Chinese Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: New Perspectives on Chinas Past. New Haven: Yale University Press. p 389-393.Yang X. 2001. Entry 122: Hoard of Gold and SIlver Objects at Hejiacum, Xian, Shaanxi province. In: Yang X, editor. Chinese Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: New Perspectives on Chinas Past. New Haven: Yale University Press. p 3412-413.

Corruption In The United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corruption In The United States - Essay Example Most obseThere are few things determining corruption in the United Sates. The economic approach to corruption in the US starts with the costs and benefits facing corrupt potential public offices. As put across, corruption is actually the use of public office or power for personal gains. In American, the most rampant determinant of corruption is the ability of a public official to increase someone’s private wealth by paying that person using money from the public purse. In extreme cases, this someone could be just the public official himself. Additionally, the other means by which public officials create wealth for themselves is through the transfer of government property to private persons for their own benefit (Williams and Kenneth 6-8). For instance, the transfer of government land to traction companies in the nineteenth century is a popular form of corruption. Furthermore, the other primary form of corruption is the creation of private wealth through manipulation of office power or enforcements of legal rulings in favor of personal gains. Some recent data collected from different states in the US reveal that the rising corporate agriculture to dominate the economies of rural and farm communities is one of the most devastating events of corruption in this country’s history. The data put across that, sixty years ago, there were over six million farms dotted across the landscape of America. Later, the number declined to only two million whereby the large numbers of these are small and medium-sized operations. sized operations. Surprisingly, the bulk of profits from corporate agriculture accrue to only a few hundred super farms. Few companies control most of these farms and there are increasing cases of vertical integration. These companies are flourishing and rural communities are suffering economically, socially, and environmentally due

History of fast food restaurants in America Research Paper

History of fast food restaurants in America - Research Paper Example Fast foods include tacos, ice creams, hot dogs, fried chicken, juices, chicken nuggets, meat pies, pizzas, sausages, chips and sandwiches. Other foods that are often served in fast food restaurants are mashed potatoes, salads and chilli. One of the main characteristic of fast food restaurants is that they often maintain a limited menu, with or without seating space. This paper will analyse the history of fast food restaurants in the US tracing its development especially from the 1920s to date. Before the fast food restaurants gained ground, such foods as hamburger sandwiches and hotdogs had been big business in the early 1900s, their popularity bolstered by the holding of the St Louis World’s Fair. The first pizzeria in the United States of America opened in 1905 setting stable ground for the establishment of fast food restaurants (Famouswhy, 2010). Before the establishment of what is today known as the fast food restaurant in the US, White Castle, founded in Kansas’ Wichita was already established in 1921 (Howstuffworks, 2010). Then, most people assumed that burgers that were being sold in circuses, lunch counters, carts and fairs were of low quality. The assumption was based on the belief that hamburgers were made of soiled meat and scraps gotten from slaughterhouses. Taking note of this damning misconception, White Castles owners endeavoured to ensure that this misconception was destroyed. The founders of White Castle started to prepare their hamburgers in a manner that customers would appreciate. Their restaurants prepared the hamburgers such that clients saw how the ingredients were being mixed and the food cooked (Howstuffworks, 2010). They also painted their restaurants white and gave them names that suggested high levels of hygiene. With time, the popularity of the restaurant chain grew especially in the East and Midwest parts of the US. The

The Elephant vanishes :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"The Elephant Vanishes Stories† by Haruki Murakami, he uses a mixture of fantasy and reality to engage the reader into the main idea of object or people disappearing. Most of his stories may seen as if they came from life but he adds mystery to each one of them when something is missing or vanishes and the circumstances around it becomes unreal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"The Wind-Up Bird and Tuesday’s Women† Murakami starts off by surrounding the plot around a man who quits his job for no apparent reason at all, who irons his shirts in a particular manner, and avoid the sexual urges of a woman. With these traits this can be fairly odd and he spends his day looking for a cat. The reader has no clue as to where the cat was and how his wife knew that if could possibly be in the abandoned house not to far down. She states, â€Å"My guess is that the cat’s probably in the yard of that vacant house at the end of the passage.† (Pg. 9) In this story the cat disappears and the girl who tried to help him find it has disappeared. Murakami leads the reader to believe this is reality even though [we] do not know if it is or not and no one will ever know. In this particular story it does not matter whether it is fantasy or reality because when it comes to short stories every possible detail cannot be convey in just a couple pages, something are bound to be left out on the author’s part.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another one of Haruki Murakami’s story â€Å"The Little Green Monster† is also a cross between fantasy and reality, but mostly fantasy. The narrator, whom is a woman, notices a green monster coming out of her oak tree. In reality little green monsters do not come from out of trees that could â€Å"read minds† and speak of how much they loved someone. This is completely fantasy but it is very interesting of how Murakami has changed his usual narrator of a man to a woman to show how love could come from just about anywhere in different shapes and forms and be denied.

History of the Violin and Bow Essay

Stringed instruments such as the violin and its accompanying variations have been used in music for thousands of years. The first officially recorded use of the violin was during medieval European times. The earliest form of the violin was referred to as a Fiddle and the person playing it was termed as a Fiddler. During the 15th century though, the violins began taking on a new shape and began to carve its own history in music. The evolution of the violin continued into the 16th century when it developed what was to become its final look and shape. It is this artistic representation of a violin that we still recognize and use in our present time. An Italian from Cremona named Andrea Amati, is recognized as the founder of the most famous violin making school. The violin making school is not a structure per se but more of a school of thought and characterization. It was during this time that an explosion in violin making reached as far as Europe even as Cremona remained as the home of the best violin makers in the world. The most famous of these violin making families are the Amati, Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Rugerri, and Bergonzi. In the music world, the finest musicians openly acknowledge the Stradivari and Guarneri violins to be the best violins ever made over the past 150 years. The Violin is a member of the string instrument family and is capable of producing a 3 octave sound range when played by skilled musicians. The sound a violin creates depends on a number of factors, the most important of which are the type of wood used to produce the body of the instrument and the type of metal strings used.. It is usually 14 inches in length and uses metal strings tightened to various degrees on tuning pegs, to produce its exceptional sound quality. A typical violin is composed of the following parts: Chin rest, F-hole, strings, tuning pegs, scroll, tailpiece, fine tuners, bridge, belly, fingerboard, neck, and back plate. The sound is produced by the instrumentalists skimming a bow over the metal strings. Violins are usually constructed to withstand the 17 pounds of downward force that is regularly applied to the 4 metal strings. But just like any stringed instrument, the Violin in itself will fail to make sweet music for the listeners if not strummed with a bow. The bow is the instrument by which a Violinist makes his instrument sing. His expertise in the use of the bow produces the violins varying tones and pitches. How a bow is shaped and the different parts that form the bow all work together to form the best bow for violin playing. A bow is most often described as an arc shaped piece of wood that has a flat horsehair piece stretched and tensioned across the wood. The tips of the bow are pointed on one end and rounded on the other. Although the violin enjoyed various incarnations as it gained popularity and was played by chamber and orchestra musicians, the violin bow did not keep up with these changes. This led to a total redesign that resulted in what is known as the modern bow. The modern bow is believed to have first made its appearance in France during the 19th century at the hands of the Tourte family. The Tourte family is considered by the violin historians to be the bow maker equivalent of the Stradivari family in violin making. The modern bow has more tension and resistance and uses Pemarnbuco wood as wood stick. Sometimes, makers will add subtle modifications to the bow in the hopes of producing a more handy and usable bow. Admittedly, not much has changed in the 150 year history of the bow. The violin and bow can be thought of in terms of milk and cookies or coffee with cream. One always enhances the best aspects of the other in order to produce a very significant experience for the person whose auditory and sensory perceptions participate in the resulting enjoyable final product of the merging of the 2 instruments. Work Cited Psarianos, Peter. (2007). Violin Bow. How Products Are Made. Retrieved October 14, 2007 from http://www. madehow. com/Volume-2/Violin-Bow. html. Skinner, Matthew. (N. A. ). The Violin and It’s History. Retrieved, October 13, 2007 from http://www. nelson. planet. org. nz/~matthew/cbt. html Sprenger, Christoph & Sprenger, Raffael. (N. A. ). The History of the Violin. Retrieved October 13, 2007 from http://www. sprengerviolins. com/e/violin_history. htm.

Natinal Licensure Debate - 1432 Words

Pro national licensure debate by Zhaojun Huang Introduction Suppose there is a Labor/Delivery nurse with many years of experience; a national healthcare organization employs him or her to be a teletriage nurse, a role which he or she enjoys and contributes more to the public. He or she can be located in Calofornia, giving advice to a patient in North Carolina. Software programs are used to guide patient through a series of questions. Depending on this nurse ¡Ã‚ ¯s judgment of the severity of the patient ¡Ã‚ ¯s problem, he or she gives patient advice to rest at home, go to see a health practitioner without delay or give patient the name and phone number of the nearest community hospitals. The†¦show more content†¦Coordinated Licensure Information System affords information sharing more efficient and valuable As NCSBN launched this model, a centralized data base was created. It contains both licensure and disciplinary information. Although the security of the data remains unclear, its value is not to be discounted. To have any nurse ¡Ã‚ ¯s licensure status verified quickly proves valuable to both nurses and boards of nursing. Endorsement into a compact state becomes much more efficient. With regard to the disciplinary information, much dispute has been raised due to the vague and broad terms used about the disciplinary information to be contained in the database. Confidentiality and privacy are the key issues left unaddressed. Nonetheless, since not all states require criminal background check, this disciplinary information might be helpful for those healthcare providers who have access to it. Dual disciplinary actions: the double-edged sword Under the mutual recognition model,  ¡Ã‚ °Both the state of residence and the remote state may take action to limit or stop the practice of an incompetent or unethical nurse. ¡Ã‚ ± (Ginny2006). Suppose a nurse is negligent in carrying out her duty by failing to monitoring the worsening condition of a patient and patient died as a result, both the home state and the remote state retain the power to investigate and